# Artificial Intelligence Regulations: the full register
# https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com | reviewed September 14, 2026 | human-verified; live news wires on every jurisdiction page
# License: CC BY 4.0, reuse with a link to artificialintelligenceregulations.com
# One block per jurisdiction: status, approach, penalties, laws with citations and dates.

## Argentina (country, Latin America) | status: No comprehensive law
Approach: No AI law; guidance and hearings, momentum without a vehicle
Penalties: Data protection enforcement through the AAIP. No AI-specific penalties.
- Personal Data Protection Law (applied to AI) | Law 25.326 | In force | effective: In force since 2000
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/argentina.html

## Australia (country, Asia-Pacific) | status: No comprehensive law
Approach: No AI act; existing laws plus voluntary guidance, by explicit choice
Penalties: No AI-specific penalties. Exposure runs through the Privacy Act, Australian Consumer Law, and sectoral statutes, each with its own enforcement regime.
- National AI Plan | Australian Government, December 2025 | No comprehensive law | effective: Policy in effect from December 2025
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/australia.html

## Brazil (country, Latin America) | status: Proposed
Approach: Comprehensive EU-style bill advancing through the legislature
Penalties: The bill proposes administrative penalties and a civil-liability regime; specifics depend on the final enacted text.
- AI Bill (Marco Legal da IA) | PL 2338/2023 | Proposed | effective: Not yet enacted
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/brazil.html

## Canada (country, North America) | status: Lapsed / failed
Approach: Proposed federal act lapsed; voluntary code plus provincial rules
Penalties: No federal AI-specific penalties. Privacy regulators and provincial statutes provide the enforcement backstop.
- Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (AIDA) | Part of Bill C-27 (44th Parliament) | Lapsed / failed | effective: Never in force; lapsed Jan 2025
- Voluntary Code of Conduct on Advanced Generative AI | ISED, 2023 | In force | effective: Voluntary
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/canada.html

## Chile (country, Latin America) | status: Proposed
Approach: EU-inspired risk-based bill in Congress; updated national policy
Penalties: None AI-specific until the bill passes.
- AI bill (risk-based) | Boletín in the National Congress | Proposed | effective: Not yet in force
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/chile.html

## China (country, Asia-Pacific) | status: In force
Approach: Extensive binding sectoral rules; no single comprehensive act
Penalties: Enforcement runs through the CAC and sector authorities under the Cybersecurity Law, Data Security Law, and Personal Information Protection Law. Sanctions include service suspension, takedowns, fines, and, after the 2026 Cybersecurity Law amendment, more immediate penalties for serious breaches.
- Interim Measures for the Management of Generative AI Services | CAC and six agencies; effective August 15, 2023 | In force | effective: August 15, 2023
- Measures for Labeling AI-Generated and Synthetic Content | CAC, effective September 1, 2025; standard GB 45438-2025 | In force | effective: September 1, 2025
- Deep Synthesis Provisions | Provisions on Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services (2022) | In force | effective: January 10, 2023
- Recommendation Algorithm Provisions | Provisions on Algorithmic Recommendation (2021) | In force | effective: March 1, 2022
- Implementation Opinions on the Standardized Application and Innovative Development of Intelligent Agents | CAC, NDRC, and MIIT, jointly issued May 8, 2026 | policy framework | effective: Issued May 8, 2026; principles feeding the draft national AI Law
- Interim Measures for the Administration of AI Anthropomorphic Interactive Services | CAC with four partner agencies, issued April 10, 2026; effective July 15, 2026 | in force | effective: July 15, 2026
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/china.html

## Colombia (country, Latin America) | status: Proposed
Approach: Three bills in play; policy framework set, no law
Penalties: Data protection enforcement through the SIC. No AI-specific penalties.
- AI bills (multiple) | Congress of Colombia, pending | Proposed | effective: Not yet in force
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/colombia.html

## Council of Europe (country, International) | status: Partially in force
Approach: First binding international AI treaty (framework convention)
Penalties: No direct penalties; obligations are implemented and enforced through each party's national legal system.
- Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence | Council of Europe, CETS No. 225 (2024) | Partially in force | effective: Opened for signature Sep 5, 2024
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/council-of-europe.html

## Egypt (country, Africa) | status: No comprehensive law
Approach: Strategy and charter; data protection law binds, no AI act
Penalties: Data-protection sanctions under Law 151/2020. No AI-specific penalties.
- Personal Data Protection Law (applied to AI) | Law No. 151 of 2020; executive regulations, Decree 816/2025 | In force | effective: Executive regulations phased from 2025
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/egypt.html

## European Union (country, Europe) | status: Phasing in
Approach: Comprehensive, horizontal, risk-based statute
Penalties: Up to EUR 35 million or 7% of worldwide annual turnover for prohibited practices; up to EUR 15 million or 3% for most other breaches; up to EUR 7.5 million or 1% for supplying incorrect information. The higher figure applies.
- EU Artificial Intelligence Act | Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 | Phasing in | effective: In force Aug 1, 2024; phased to 2028
- Digital Omnibus on AI (AI Act simplification) | 2025 Commission proposal; political agreement May 7, 2026; adopted mid-2026 | In force | effective: Adopted mid-2026
- Code of Practice on marking and labelling AI-generated content | Published June 10, 2026 | In force | effective: Supports Article 50 from Aug 2, 2026
- Digital Omnibus on AI (amending regulation) | Regulation (EU) 2026/1744; published in the Official Journal July 24, 2026; in force July 27, 2026 | in force | effective: July 27, 2026 (deferrals and additions carry their own dates)
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/european-union.html

## Hong Kong (country, Asia-Pacific) | status: No comprehensive law
Approach: No AI law; dense sectoral guidance, hardest in finance
Penalties: PDPO enforcement for data-protection breaches; supervisory action for regulated financial institutions.
- PDPO and PCPD AI frameworks (applied to AI) | Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance, Cap. 486 | In force | effective: Ordinance in force; AI framework published 2024
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/hong-kong.html

## India (country, Asia-Pacific) | status: No comprehensive law
Approach: Principles-based guidelines plus targeted synthetic-media rules
Penalties: No AI-specific penalty regime; enforcement runs through IT law and data-protection law.
- India AI Governance Guidelines | MeitY guidelines | In force | effective: Guidance, non-binding
- IT Rules amendments on synthetic media (draft) | Draft amendments to the IT Rules | Proposed | effective: Draft
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/india.html

## Indonesia (country, Asia-Pacific) | status: Proposed
Approach: Roadmap and ethics guidance; binding rules in development
Penalties: UU PDP administrative sanctions and, for serious violations, criminal provisions. No AI-specific penalties yet.
- Personal Data Protection Law (applied to AI) | Law No. 27 of 2022 (UU PDP) | In force | effective: Fully effective October 2024
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/indonesia.html

## Israel (country, Middle East) | status: No comprehensive law
Approach: Deliberately decentralized: sectoral regulators, soft law, no AI act
Penalties: No AI-specific penalties. Privacy Protection Authority enforcement and sectoral sanctions apply on their ordinary terms.
- National AI Regulation and Ethics Policy | Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology, December 2023 | No comprehensive law | effective: Policy in effect from December 2023
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/israel.html

## Japan (country, Asia-Pacific) | status: In force
Approach: Innovation-first framework law; light-touch and non-punitive
Penalties: No significant punitive penalties; the government relies on guidance, cooperation duties, and publicity.
- Act on the Promotion of Research, Development and Utilization of AI (AI Promotion Act) | Enacted May 28, 2025 | In force | effective: 2025
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/japan.html

## Kenya (country, Africa) | status: Proposed
Approach: AI Bill tabled 2026: classification, high-risk duties, and a register
Penalties: Data Protection Act enforcement applies now; the bill's penalty structure will be set in the legislative process.
- Artificial Intelligence Bill | Tabled February 2026 | Proposed | effective: Not yet in force
- Data Protection Act (applied to AI) | Data Protection Act, 2019 | In force | effective: In force since 2019
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/kenya.html

## Malaysia (country, Asia-Pacific) | status: No comprehensive law
Approach: Voluntary governance guidelines; no binding AI law
Penalties: None for the guidelines. PDPA enforcement applies to data-protection breaches.
- National Guidelines on AI Governance and Ethics | MOSTI, September 2024 | No comprehensive law | effective: Published September 2024 (voluntary)
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/malaysia.html

## Mexico (country, Latin America) | status: Proposed
Approach: No AI law; bills pending, data protection reform added ADM rights
Penalties: Data protection sanctions through the reconstituted privacy authority. No AI-specific penalties.
- Federal data protection law, ADM provisions (applied to AI) | LFPDPPP, as revised | In force | effective: In force; ADM opt-out per latest revision
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/mexico.html

## New Zealand (country, Asia-Pacific) | status: No comprehensive law
Approach: No AI-specific law; existing technology-neutral statutes
Penalties: No AI-specific penalties; enforcement runs through the Privacy Act and general statutes.
- Privacy Act 2020 (applied to AI) | Privacy Act 2020 | In force | effective: In force since December 2020
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/new-zealand.html

## Nigeria (country, Africa) | status: Proposed
Approach: Binding framework in motion: risk-based bill with licensing for high-risk AI
Penalties: NDPA sanctions apply now. The pending bill would add license-based enforcement for high-risk systems.
- National Digital Economy and E-Governance Bill | Pending before the National Assembly | Proposed | effective: Not yet in force
- Nigeria Data Protection Act (applied to AI) | NDPA 2023 | In force | effective: In force since 2023
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/nigeria.html

## Peru (country, Latin America) | status: In force
Approach: First AI law in Latin America; promotional statute with risk-based regulation
Penalties: Enforcement through existing consumer protection, competition, and data protection regimes coordinated under the regulation, rather than a standalone AI fine schedule.
- Law promoting the use of Artificial Intelligence | Law No. 31814 | In force | effective: July 5, 2023
- Implementing Regulation of Law 31814 | Supreme decree, published September 9, 2025 | In force | effective: January 2026 (90 business days after publication)
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/peru.html

## Saudi Arabia (country, Middle East) | status: No comprehensive law
Approach: Centralized governance through SDAIA; principles and drafts, no AI act
Penalties: PDPL sanctions for data violations; supervisory and procurement consequences for departing from SDAIA expectations. No AI-specific fine schedule yet.
- SDAIA AI Ethics Principles | SDAIA, September 2023 | No comprehensive law | effective: Published September 2023
- Personal Data Protection Law (applied to AI) | PDPL and implementing regulations | In force | effective: Enforcement phase since 2024
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/saudi-arabia.html

## Singapore (country, Asia-Pacific) | status: No comprehensive law
Approach: Voluntary frameworks and testing tools; no binding AI law
Penalties: No AI-specific penalties; enforcement is through the Personal Data Protection Act and sector regulators.
- Model AI Governance Framework (incl. Generative AI) | IMDA / PDPC | In force | effective: Voluntary guidance
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/singapore.html

## South Africa (country, Africa) | status: No comprehensive law
Approach: Draft national AI policy; POPIA binds, no AI legislation proposed yet
Penalties: POPIA enforcement by the Information Regulator, including fines and, for some offenses, criminal liability.
- Protection of Personal Information Act (applied to AI) | POPIA, Act 4 of 2013 | In force | effective: Fully effective July 2021
- Draft National AI Policy | Department of Communications and Digital Technologies, 2026 | Proposed | effective: Draft, open for comment
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/south-africa.html

## South Korea (country, Asia-Pacific) | status: In force
Approach: Comprehensive risk-based act with a light enforcement posture
Penalties: Administrative fines up to KRW 30 million (about USD 21,000) for failures such as not disclosing AI use or not appointing a domestic representative. The act emphasizes post-market oversight over pre-market approval.
- AI Basic Act | Act on the Development of AI and Establishment of Trust (2024) | In force | effective: January 22, 2026
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/south-korea.html

## Switzerland (country, Europe) | status: Proposed
Approach: Deliberate counter-model to the EU: sectoral, with a treaty-implementation bill due
Penalties: No AI-specific penalties. FADP and sectoral enforcement apply, and FINMA supervision reaches AI in financial services.
- Federal Council AI regulatory decision | Federal Council decision, February 12, 2025 | Proposed | effective: Consultation draft due end of 2026
- Federal Act on Data Protection (applied to AI) | FADP (revised) | In force | effective: Revised FADP in force since September 2023
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/switzerland.html

## Taiwan (country, Asia-Pacific) | status: In force
Approach: Framework statute; principles in force, obligations to follow
Penalties: None under the Basic Act itself. Enforcement will come through the sectoral statutes it directs regulators to adapt.
- Artificial Intelligence Basic Act | Passed December 23, 2025; promulgated January 14, 2026 | In force | effective: January 14, 2026
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/taiwan.html

## Thailand (country, Asia-Pacific) | status: Proposed
Approach: Draft AI law in development; data protection already applies
Penalties: PDPA penalties apply now, including administrative fines. No AI-specific penalty regime yet.
- Personal Data Protection Act (applied to AI) | PDPA B.E. 2562 (2019) | In force | effective: Fully effective June 1, 2022
- Draft AI law (royal decree instruments) | In drafting | Proposed | effective: Not yet in force
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/thailand.html

## Turkey (country, Middle East) | status: Proposed
Approach: Draft AI framework pending; data protection and cybersecurity law bind now
Penalties: KVKK administrative fines and cybersecurity sanctions apply. No AI-specific penalties yet.
- Draft AI framework law | Grand National Assembly, introduced 2024 | Proposed | effective: Not yet in force
- Cybersecurity Law | Law No. 7545 | In force | effective: March 19, 2025
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/turkey.html

## UAE (country, Middle East) | status: Partially in force
Approach: Layered model: charters and strategy federally, binding rules in zones and finance
Penalties: Regulatory enforcement by zone and sector: DIFC Commissioner action, central bank supervisory measures, and PDPL sanctions, rather than a single AI fine schedule.
- DIFC Regulation 10 | DIFC data protection regulations, Regulation 10 | In force | effective: Fully enforced January 1, 2026
- Federal Personal Data Protection Law | Federal Decree-Law No. 45/2021 | In force | effective: In force since January 2022
- CBUAE AI/ML Guidance Note | Central Bank of the UAE, February 11, 2026 | In force | effective: Issued February 11, 2026
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/united-arab-emirates.html

## United Kingdom (country, Europe) | status: No comprehensive law
Approach: Sectoral, principles-based; no horizontal AI act by design
Penalties: No AI-specific penalty regime. Enforcement flows through each regulator's existing powers, for example data-protection fines up to the higher of GBP 17.5 million or 4% of global turnover.
- AI regulation: a pro-innovation approach (white paper) | Command Paper 815 (March 2023); government response Feb 2024 | In force | effective: Policy framework, non-statutory
- Blueprint for AI regulation and the AI Growth Lab | DSIT, published October 21, 2025 | In force | effective: Consultation closed Jan 2, 2026
- Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (DUAA) | DUAA 2025 | Phasing in | effective: Most provisions from Feb 5, 2026; complaints route from June 19, 2026
- Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Bill | Private Member's Bill (Lord Holmes), reintroduced March 4, 2025 | Proposed | effective: Not enacted
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/united-kingdom.html

## United States (country, North America) | status: No comprehensive law
Approach: No comprehensive law; deregulatory posture and state preemption push
Penalties: No AI-specific federal penalties. Exposure runs through the FTC Act, sector regulators, and civil-rights and consumer-protection statutes. 'AI washing' (overstating what a system does) is an active FTC enforcement theme.
- Executive Order 14179, Removing Barriers to American Leadership in AI | EO 14179 (Jan 23, 2025) | In force | effective: Jan 23, 2025
- America's AI Action Plan | Released July 23, 2025 | In force | effective: July 23, 2025
- Executive Order 14365, Ensuring a National Policy Framework for AI | EO 14365, 90 Fed. Reg. 58499 (Dec 11, 2025) | In force | effective: Dec 11, 2025
- NIST AI Risk Management Framework | NIST AI 100-1; Generative AI Profile NIST-AI-600-1 | In force | effective: Voluntary; widely referenced
- Executive Order: Promoting Advanced Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Security | Executive order signed June 2, 2026 | in force | effective: June 2, 2026; agency deadlines run 30 to 180 days
- NO FAKES Act of 2026 (S. 4591) | S. 4591, reported by the Senate Judiciary Committee June 18, 2026 (Calendar No. 446); House companion pending | proposed | effective: Not in force; committee-reported, Senate floor pending
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/united-states-federal.html

## Vietnam (country, Asia-Pacific) | status: In force
Approach: Comprehensive, risk-based AI law with extraterritorial reach
Penalties: Administrative enforcement through the Ministry of Science and Technology, including registration refusal and orders against non-compliant systems. Pre-existing systems had 12 months from the effective date to comply.
- Law on Artificial Intelligence | Enacted December 10, 2025 | In force | effective: March 1, 2026
- Law on Digital Technology Industry | Law No. 71/2025/QH15 | In force | effective: January 1, 2026
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/vietnam.html

## California (us-state, North America) | status: Partially in force
Approach: Sector-specific statutes; frontier transparency and content labeling
Penalties: Vary by statute. The AI Transparency Act carries per-day civil penalties for noncompliance; the frontier act is enforced by the Attorney General.
- Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (TFAIA) | SB 53 (2025); Chapter 138, Cal. Stat. 2025 | In force | effective: January 1, 2026
- Generative AI Training Data Transparency | AB 2013 (2024) | In force | effective: January 1, 2026
- California AI Transparency Act | SB 942 (2024), amended by AB 853 (2025) | Phasing in | effective: August 2, 2026
- Companion Chatbot Safeguards | SB 243 (2025) | In force | effective: January 1, 2026
- AI auditor framework: SB 813 and AB 1405 | SB 813 (McNerney) and AB 1405 (Bauer-Kahan), signed September 9, 2026 | phased | effective: Signed September 9, 2026; California statutes without urgency clauses take effect January 1, 2027
- Adam's Law (SB 1119) and the 2026 companion-chatbot package | SB 1119 (Padilla, Wicks, Bauer-Kahan) and SB 867 (Padilla), signed September 10, 2026 | phased | effective: Signed September 10, 2026; provisions phase in from January 1, 2027
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/california.html

## Colorado (us-state, North America) | status: Repealed / replaced
Approach: Repealed comprehensive act; replaced with a narrower ADMT law
Penalties: Up to $20,000 per violation; Attorney General enforcement; no private right of action.
- Colorado Artificial Intelligence Act (original) | SB 24-205 (2024) | Repealed / replaced | effective: Repealed before taking effect
- Colorado ADMT Act (replacement) | SB 26-189 (signed May 14, 2026) | Proposed | effective: January 1, 2027
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/colorado.html

## Connecticut (us-state, North America) | status: Partially in force
Approach: Framework bill stalled repeatedly; narrower 2026 measures enacted
Penalties: Enforcement through the Attorney General and the CTDPA's mechanisms for the enacted measures.
- Connecticut Artificial Intelligence Responsibility and Transparency Act (CART Act) | SB 5, Public Act 26-15; signed May 27, 2026 | phased | effective: Most provisions October 1, 2026; AI companions January 1, 2027; employment-tool deployer duties October 1, 2027
- 2026 targeted measures (including AI dynamic-pricing limits) | Connecticut 2026 session | In force | effective: 2026 session enactments
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/connecticut.html

## Illinois (us-state, North America) | status: In force
Approach: Employment anti-discrimination plus longstanding biometric privacy
Penalties: BIPA allows statutory damages per violation through a private right of action; Human Rights Act violations are enforced by the Illinois Department of Human Rights.
- AI in employment (Human Rights Act amendment) | HB 3773; Public Act 103-0804 | In force | effective: January 1, 2026
- Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA) | 740 ILCS 14 | In force | effective: In force since 2008
- Artificial Intelligence Safety Measures Act (AISMA) | SB 315, signed July 6, 2026 | Phasing in | effective: January 1, 2027; audit and framework duties January 1, 2028
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/illinois.html

## Montana (us-state, North America) | status: In force
Approach: The deregulatory outlier: a statutory right to compute
Penalties: Not a penalty statute; it is a shield that invalidates overreaching restrictions.
- Right to Compute Act | Montana SB 212 (2025) | In force | effective: 2025
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/montana.html

## New York (us-state, North America) | status: Partially in force
Approach: Frontier transparency law plus NYC hiring bias-audit rule
Penalties: Local Law 144 carries civil penalties per violation; the state frontier law is enforced by the Attorney General.
- New York frontier AI transparency law | A6453 (2025-2026 session) | Proposed | effective: January 1, 2027
- NYC Local Law 144 (automated employment decision tools) | NYC Local Law 144 of 2021 | In force | effective: Enforced from July 5, 2023
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/new-york.html

## Tennessee (us-state, North America) | status: In force
Approach: Voice and likeness protection plus AI mental-health limits
Penalties: Class A misdemeanor plus civil liability under the ELVIS Act; private suits under SB 1580.
- ELVIS Act (Ensuring Likeness Voice and Image Security) | Tenn. Code Ann. tit. 47 (amended) | In force | effective: July 1, 2024
- SB 1580: AI and mental-health marketing | Tennessee SB 1580 (2026) | In force | effective: July 1, 2026
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/tennessee.html

## Texas (us-state, North America) | status: In force
Approach: Intent-based statute with a NIST safe harbor
Penalties: Curable violations $10,000 to $12,000; uncurable violations $80,000 to $200,000; $2,000 to $40,000 per day for continuing violations. Attorney General enforcement only; no private right of action.
- Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (TRAIGA) | HB 149 (89th Leg.); signed June 22, 2025 | In force | effective: January 1, 2026
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/texas.html

## Utah (us-state, North America) | status: In force
Approach: Early disclosure law plus a regulatory sandbox
Penalties: Administrative fines and enforcement by the Utah Division of Consumer Protection.
- Utah Artificial Intelligence Policy Act | SB 149 (2024) | In force | effective: May 1, 2024
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/utah.html

## Virginia (us-state, North America) | status: Lapsed / failed
Approach: The veto case study: comprehensive bill passed, then blocked
Penalties: None AI-specific; VCDPA enforcement by the Attorney General.
- HB 2094: High-Risk AI Developer and Deployer Act | Virginia HB 2094 (2025) | Lapsed / failed | effective: Vetoed 2025
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/virginia.html

## Washington (us-state, North America) | status: Partially in force
Approach: Targeted statutes: health data now, chatbots and provenance next
Penalties: MHMD violations are enforceable by the Attorney General and through private suits under the Consumer Protection Act.
- My Health My Data Act (applied to AI) | Wash. Rev. Code ch. 19.373 | In force | effective: Phased from March 31, 2024
- HB 2225 (chatbots) and HB 1170 (provenance) | Washington Legislature, 2026 session | Partially in force | effective: 2026 session enactments
Entry: https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/washington.html