Council of Europe
The Council of Europe's Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence is the first legally binding international treaty on AI. It commits signatories to protect human rights, democracy, and the rule of law across the AI lifecycle. It sets principles rather than detailed rules, leaving implementation to each party. The EU, the US, the UK, and others signed it in 2024, and it takes effect as ratifications accumulate.
Key points
- It is the first binding international treaty on AI, opened for signature in September 2024.
- It focuses on human rights, democracy, and the rule of law rather than technical rules.
- Signatories include the EU, the UK, and the US, among others.
- It enters into force after a threshold of ratifications and is implemented through national law.
Laws and instruments
Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence
A treaty binding parties to ensure AI activities respect human rights, democratic processes, and the rule of law, with obligations on transparency, oversight, accountability, and remedies.
Timeline
- Sep 5, 2024Convention opened for signature.
- 2024-2026Signatures and ratifications accumulate toward entry into force.
Who it applies to
Binds ratifying states, which implement its principles through domestic law. Reaches public-sector AI and, to a degree parties choose, private-sector activity.
Penalties
No direct penalties; obligations are implemented and enforced through each party's national legal system.
Common questions
Does Council of Europe (international treaty) have a comprehensive AI law?
What are the penalties for AI violations in Council of Europe (international treaty)?
Who does AI regulation in Council of Europe (international treaty) apply to?
Artificial Intelligence Regulations, "AI Regulation in Council of Europe," reviewed July 15, 2026, https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/council-of-europe.html.
Entries state the position as of the review date and link to the primary text for verification.