Indonesia
Indonesia governs AI through ethics guidance and its data protection law while a binding framework develops. A national AI roadmap for 2026 to 2029 is in draft, a 2023 ministerial circular sets AI ethics expectations, and the Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP) binds AI systems handling personal data, including localization and cross-border transfer rules for some sectors.
Key points
- No binding AI-specific statute; the government is at the roadmap and advisory stage.
- Ministerial Circular No. 9 of 2023 sets AI ethics expectations for electronic system operators.
- UU PDP (Law No. 27 of 2022) applies to AI processing of personal data, with transfer assessments under Article 56.
- The draft 2026 to 2029 roadmap emphasizes domestic capacity building over hard obligations.
Laws and instruments
Personal Data Protection Law (applied to AI)
Indonesia's data protection statute is the binding layer for AI systems processing personal data, with sectoral localization requirements and adequacy assessments for cross-border transfers.
Timeline
- December 2023Ministerial circular on AI ethics for electronic system operators.
- October 2024UU PDP fully effective after its transition period.
- 2025 to 2026National AI roadmap 2026 to 2029 in draft.
Who it applies to
AI systems processing personal data of Indonesians fall under UU PDP now. AI-specific obligations remain advisory pending the roadmap's translation into regulation.
Penalties
UU PDP administrative sanctions and, for serious violations, criminal provisions. No AI-specific penalties yet.
Common questions
Does Indonesia have a comprehensive AI law?
What are the penalties for AI violations in Indonesia?
Who does AI regulation in Indonesia apply to?
Artificial Intelligence Regulations, "AI Regulation in Indonesia," reviewed July 16, 2026, https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/indonesia.html.
Entries state the position as of the review date and link to the primary text for verification.