Indonesia
Indonesia governs AI through ethics guidance and its data protection law while a binding framework develops. Draft presidential regulations on a 2026 to 2029 national AI roadmap and on AI ethics await the President's signature, a 2023 ministerial circular sets AI ethics expectations, and the Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP) binds AI systems handling personal data, including localization and cross-border transfer rules for some sectors.
Key points
- No binding AI-specific statute; the government is at the roadmap and advisory stage.
- Ministerial Circular No. 9 of 2023 sets AI ethics expectations for electronic system operators.
- UU PDP (Law No. 27 of 2022) applies to AI processing of personal data, with transfer assessments under Article 56.
- Two draft presidential regulations, on a 2026 to 2029 AI roadmap and on AI ethics, await the President's signature.
Laws and instruments
Personal Data Protection Law (applied to AI)
Indonesia's data protection statute is the binding layer for AI systems processing personal data, with sectoral localization requirements and adequacy assessments for cross-border transfers. Its implementing regulation, Government Regulation No. 33 of 2026, was promulgated on July 16, 2026 with a six-month transition, so administrative sanctions apply from January 16, 2027.
Draft presidential regulations on the national AI roadmap and AI ethics
Two draft presidential regulations would adopt a national AI roadmap for 2026 to 2029 and national AI ethics rules built on a risk-based approach. Both await President Prabowo Subianto's signature.
Timeline
- December 2023Ministerial circular on AI ethics for electronic system operators.
- October 2024UU PDP fully effective after its transition period.
- 2025 to 2026Draft presidential regulations on the 2026 to 2029 AI roadmap and on AI ethics prepared and sent for the President's signature.
- July 16, 2026Government Regulation No. 33 of 2026 implementing UU PDP is promulgated; sanctions apply after a six-month transition, from January 16, 2027.
Who it applies to
AI systems processing personal data of Indonesians fall under UU PDP now. AI-specific obligations remain advisory until the draft presidential regulations on the roadmap and AI ethics are signed.
Penalties
UU PDP administrative sanctions and, for serious violations, criminal provisions. No AI-specific penalties yet.
Common questions
Does Indonesia have a comprehensive AI law?
What are the penalties for AI violations in Indonesia?
Who does AI regulation in Indonesia apply to?
Artificial Intelligence Regulations, "AI Regulation in Indonesia," reviewed October 26, 2026, https://artificialintelligenceregulations.com/jurisdictions/indonesia.html.
Entries state the position as of the review date and link to the primary text for verification.